ION RELEASED FROM FASHION ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS AND STANDARDIZED ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA
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Abstract
Fashion orthodontics has becoming a trend in Thai teenager as to mimic the orthodontic looks not treatment. This has done through illegal and risking poorer oral hygiene and systemic condition. However, there is no academic evidence about this situation in fashion brackets. The purpose of this study was to compare the quantity of metal ions releasing from fashion and standardized orthodontic brackets in artificial saliva at pH 3.75 and pH 6.25. Samples were divided into 2 groups of standardized pre-adjustable brackets (3M/Unitek) and fashion brackets (randomly gathering from local market and social network in Thailand). Each samples comprised of 5 metal brackets. Samples were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 3.75, 6.25 and store in shaking incubator at 37oC for 28 days. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to identify metal ions before immersion. Afterwards, the saliva was tested for Copper, Nickel, Iron, and Chromium ion using inductively couple plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). All specimens were passed through surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both before and after immersion. Fashion brackets showed high amount of Ni ion released at pH 3.75 and pH 6.25 with 51751.67 and 4808.833 μg/L respectively. The ratio of Ni-ions released between standardized and fashion bracket at pH 6.25 was 1:20.5, for Cu ion was 1:4.8. At pH 3.75 Ni, Fe and Cr showed the ratio of 1:1,461, 1:4 and 1:8.7, respectively. In conclusion, significantly higher level of metal ions released from fashion orthodontic brackets than from standardized orthodontic brackets. Especially Ni ion released from the fashion brackets in both pH 3.75 and pH 6.25 were 100 times over the daily dietary intake and double times for causing allergic reaction.
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