EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FUCOSE-CONTAINING SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDE FROM HAWAIIAN MARINE ALGAE
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Abstract
Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) are known to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulating activities. This study evaluates the extraction methods for fucoidan, a FCSP from Hawaiian Padina australis Hauck and store-bought Shirakiku Nishime Kombu (Laminaria longissimi), dried kelp, and Wakame. Samples were extracted using four different methods (Li et al., 2006; Maruyama and Yamamoto, 1984; Cumashi et al., 2007; Ale et al., 2012). Fourier-transform infrared and 1H NMR analysis revealed that the extracts contained crude fucoidan. Method 2 gave the highest yield of fucoidan by 1H NMR analysis. FCSP from these samples were evaluated for cytotoxic activity using an in vitro sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against human prostate (LNCap, PC-3), breast (MCF-7), colon (CaCo-2), and lung (LU-1) cancer cell lines. Method 4 yielded FCSPs that inhibited cell viability of certain cancer cell lines. Both standard and extracted FCSPs showed no effects on human prostate (LNCaP and PC-3), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. However, the standard and L. longissimi-extracted fucoidan inhibited the growth of colon (CaCo-2) and lung (LU-1) cancer cells by 43−74% at concentrations ranging from 50−400 µg/mL. The ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the crude FCSPs obtained. The FRAP values of L. longissimi, and two standards, namely, U-Fn and Fucoidan Force, were 3.47±0.05, 5.45±0.02, 4.85±0.13 μM/μg, respectively. The crude FCSPs of P. australis were further purified using ion-exchange chromatography, resulting in the highest yield of fucoidan at 2.5 M NaCl concentrations.
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