Earthquake and Conflict-Related Urban Damage Assessment Using Coherence Change Detection with Sentinel-1 Imagery
Keywords:
coherence change detection , urban damage assessment , earthquake, Russia–Ukraine conflictAbstract
Background and Objectives : Disasters cause serious economic and human losses. Therefore, damage assessment is needed to support post-disaster management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster relief. This research focuses on applying the coherence change detection technique with Sentinel-1 data for damage assessment of urban areas affected by a natural disaster and a human-caused disaster including Antakya, the capital of Hatay Province, the southernmost province of Turkey affected form the earthquake on 6 February 2023 and Mariupol, a city in the south-eastern Ukraine affected by the conflict between Russian and Ukraine since 24 February 2022 until the city was fully controlled by Russia in late May 2022.
Methodology : Sentinel-1 images acquired in a three-month period before each event in each study area were used to generate an average pre-event coherence image. Then, the first image after the earthquake in Antakya and 9 images acquired after the beginning of the event in Mariupol were used to generate post event coherence images. Each post event coherence image was paired with the average pre-event coherence image using a log ratio to find the intensity of coherence changes of the urban area in each study area.
Main Results : The coherence of Antakya dramatically reduced all over the city after the event. In Mariupol, there were gradually changes in the beginning of the invasion, then a lot of changes occurred in middle March to middle May 2022 and the most intense changes happened in the city centre and the Azovstal industrial site. However, there also were widespread changes all over the urban areas. The results showed that the urban area of Antakya affected by the earthquake is 44.58% including little change at 26.50%, moderate change at 12.53%, and severe change at 5.55%. In Mariupol, the urban area affected by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is 43.15 % including little change at 26.01%, moderate change at 12.20%, and severe change at 4.94%.
Conclusions : Both study areas were affected by different kinds of disasters in different ways. The total area affected by the earthquake in Antakya is 8.82 square kilometres from a total area of 19.79 square kilometres and the total area of 41.11 square kilometres from a total area of 95.28 square kilometres is affected by the conflict in Mariupol. The coherence change detection technique with Sentinel-1 Imagery is a useful method in applying for damage assessment that can be used immediately during the early and critical state of disasters. It is suitable to identify changes in urban areas but not suitable to apply in areas that covered with vegetation.
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