Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Use as Photocatalysts in the Degradation of Crystal Violet Dye
Keywords:
silver nanoparticle , green synthesis , photocatalyst, crystal violet , degradationAbstract
Background and Objectives : Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been found effective in catalyzing the degradation of organic pollutants in water under light irradiation. The present work aims to find a green method to synthesize AgNPs as photocatalysts for degrading crystal violet (CV) dye in water under light conditions.
Methodology : AgNPs were synthesized through the reduction of Ag+ in aqueous solution of AgNO3 at 60 oC using tangerine peel extract (TPE) as a bioreducing agent, at the initial AgNO3 concentration of 10 - 30 mM and the reaction time of 30 - 180 minutes. UV-visible spectrophotometry was applied to confirm the formation of AgNPs during the course of reaction. AgNPs were subsequently tested for their efficiency in removing CV from the solution under the irradiation of either white light from a 4 W LED lamp or sunlight.
Main Results : The optimal conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs from TPE at 60 oC included the initial AgNO3 concentration of 20 mM and the reaction time of 180 minutes. The kinetics of Ag+ reduction followed the second-order rate law. AgNPs were spherical particles with the average diameter of about 50 nm (16 - 18% SD). At an initial CV concentration of 4.0 mg/L, the adsorption of CV onto AgNPs (0.5 g/L) in the dark at room temperature (27 ± 2 oC) reached equilibrium in 2 minutes, with a removal efficiency of 16.0%. The pseudo-second-order model described the kinetic behavior of this process well. AgNPs irradiated with the LED white light and sunlight for 60 minutes had the CV removal efficiencies of 30% and 100%, respectively.
Conclusions : AgNPs obtained in this work exhibited promising photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of CV in water. Sunlight was more efficient in promoting the photocatalytic activity of AgNPs than the LED white light.
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