Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts from Fruticose Lichen genus Usnea
Keywords:
antioxidant, antibacterial, crude extract , lichenAbstract
Background and Objectives : This research aims to evaluate the potential of antioxidant and antibacterial potential of crude extracts from the lichen genus Usnea, along with the analysis of total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents. The study investigates the effectiveness of these extracts against various bacterial strains and their potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Methodology : The lichen genus Usnea was extracted using four solvents: 95% ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and boiling water, to isolate bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Antibacterial activities were evaluated using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, with further analysis of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC).
Main Results : The results show the highest antioxidant activities in boiling water, with DPPH having an IC50 of 0.741±0.021 mg/ml, ABTS having an IC50 of 1.001±0.005 mg/ml, and the FRAP value being 27.927±0.129 mg FeSO4/g extract. The antibacterial properties of the ethanolic, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts showed that they have a capacity to inhibit Bacillus cereus TISTR 1449, Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 2162, and Escherichia coli TISTR 527, but they are not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 1287. Three stains showed ethanolic extract with MIC and MBC values of 20 mg/ml. The aqueous extract had MIC and MBC values of 40 mg/ml, resulting in a inhibition of B. cereus TISTR 1449. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract contained a high amount of total phenolic content (93.772±2.847 mg/g extract), total flavonoid content (36.847±0.613 mg/g extract), and tannin content (90.467±2.784 mg/g extract).
Conclusions : This study demonstrates the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Usnea lichen extracts, providing insights for potential applications in various industries. These findings provide valuable insights for future development and application in pharmaceutical and food industries, enhancing the use of natural products for health-related benefits.
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